no evidence of a trade-off between current and future reproduction or between early fecundity

and adult lifespan (Reznick 1985 and 1992). In fact, insects feeding ad libitum as pre-oviposition

adults (groups AL, AL-R at Ov, and R-AL at 5th) exhibited correspondingly high initial

oviposition rates and also higher cumulative fecundities than R and AL-R at 5th insects.

 The longevity costs of reproduction may differ among species depending on the relative

timing of resource acquisition and allocation to reproduction (Boggs 1992). The occurrence of a

trade-off between longevity and fecundity requires that the resources allocated to reproduction or

somatic maintenance are derived from a common resource pool and that the utilization of

resources from this pool for egg production necessarily decreases the availability of resources for

subsequent egg production or survival (van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986, Zera and Harshman

2001). The lack of a negative correlation between longevity and fecundity in C. morosus

therefore implies that the processes of survival and reproduction may not compete for resources

from a common pool. Instead, I suggest that females of this species allocate existing stores

primarily to maintenance and divert incoming resources to egg production.

 Although the diet treatments I imposed elicited clear and significant differences in egg

production rates, these data alone do not establish that diet directly affects fitness. There is

evidence that maternal nutritional environment can substantially alter offspring phenotypes

(Wayne et al. 2006) and survival (Prasad et al. 2003) such that fitness depends on more than

simply total egg output of a female. In addition, host plant quality has been shown to alter

fertility of phytophagous insects with no effect on fecundity (Moreau et al. 2006). Furthermore,

fertility can decline as age-specific intake declines over time in income breeders (Dixon and

Agarwala 2002), thereby further uncoupling fecundity and fitness.