could not simply compensate for adult FR by increasing the length of the reproductive lifespan.

The very low reproductive output of R and AL-R at 5th females therefore resulted from the

combined effects of decreased daily intake and shortened reproductive lifespan.

 The proximate cause of shortened reproductive lifespan may relate to the level of body

stores accumulated prior to adulthood. Insects feeding at a restricted rate late in development

were lighter for their length than insects feeding ad libitum immediately prior to the adult molt.

Although fat body mass and storage proteins were not quantified, these results imply that these

individuals may have accumulated proportionally fewer body stores by the beginning of

adulthood compared to insects feeding ad libitum during the final two instars. Therefore, food

restriction late in development appears to have shifted allocation away from the accumulation of

mobilizable reserves. I suggest that these reserves serve as the source of nutrients that are

allocated to somatic maintenance after the onset of reproductive activity. Because R and AL-R at

5th insects were smaller in both absolute and relative body mass at the adult molt, they probably

depleted their limited stores more rapidly after the onset of reproductive activity than insects that

were feeding ad libitum as young adults. Conversely, R-AL at 5th insects were feeding ad libitum

as pre-oviposition adults, although they were doing so at lower mass-specific rates than AL

insects. Although R-AL at 5th insects had relative body masses similar to those of AL and AL-R at

Ov insects at the adult molt, they were nearly twice as old as AL and AL-R at Ov insects at first

oviposition. It is therefore possible that reproductive lifespans of R-AL at 5th insects were shorter

than those of continuously ad libitum-fed adults simply because of age-specific declines in

physiological function. It does not appear that shortened reproductive lifespans resulted from

exhaustion of available oocytes, as almost all individuals in the study had chorionated eggs

remaining in the ovaries at death.