individual regressions of fecundity versus adult lifespan for each treatment group, none of which

was significant (p > 0.2 in all cases). Unlike adult lifespan, total lifespan was not significantly

related to realized or potential fecundity (p > 0.5). I also found no evidence for a trade-off

between number and size of eggs laid. There was neither a significant interaction between

average egg mass and fecundity (p > 0.2) nor an effect of fecundity on average egg mass (p >

0.3). Individual regressions of average egg mass versus fecundity indicated that there were no

significant relationships (p > 0.3) except in the case of R-AL@5th insects, for which there was a

positive relationship between egg size and number (F1,1o = 5.161, p = 0.046, R2 = 0.274).

 Discussion

 Developmental plasticity in response to food availability is nearly universal (Juliano et al.

2004 and references therein), and this study was no exception. In C. morosus, both size and age

at each life-history transition depended on diet history. As is common in studies of this kind

(e.g., Gebhardt and Steams 1988 and 1993), insects that experienced FR prior to the onset of

reproductive activity progressed through juvenile stages more slowly and were smaller at each

molt than individuals feeding at a consistently high rate. Decreasing size and increasing age at

developmental transitions represent a compromise between the need to maximize body size

(because of its potential effects on fitness) and the need to minimize the demographic costs of

extended development time (Rowe and Ludwig 1991).

 This plasticity in development rate corresponded to substantial differences in survival

trajectories among treatment groups. One of my most salient results was the finding that

longevity enhancement is not a ubiquitous outcome of dietary restriction. Although individuals

that experienced early-onset FR (R and R-AL at 5th) survived longer than initially ad libitum-fed

individuals, this increased longevity was due solely to extended development time rather than to

extended adult lifespan. Conversely, FR during adulthood decreased the duration of the adult