dish, covered with parafilm, and placed in the environmental chamber. Eggs were

checked daily until larvae emerged.

 Newly emerged larvae were placed in 25-dram plastic vials with freshly-cut, CAS-

infested leaflets on top of sterilized sand in the bottom of the vial. Old leaflets were

replaced with fresh, infested leaflets every five days throughout the life cycle. A fine

mesh cloth was placed over the top of the vials to allow airflow. Larval and pupal

development was checked daily. Upon emergence from the pupal case the adults

remained in plastic vials and were provided with 20-30 fresh CAS every 3 days. Adults

were checked daily until death.

 Eggs, larvae, and pupae were critical-point dried in a Tousimis samdri-780 A,

and sputter coated with a gold-palladium alloy. Images were taken with a JEOL JSM-

5510LV scanning electron microscope and a Syncroscopy automontage photography

system.

 Descriptive statistics were generated in SAS (2001) using a PROC UNIVARIATE

analysis. The dependent variable was number of days in each stage and the independent

variable was the stage itself. PROC UNIVARIATE and PROC t-test were used to

generate statistics for adult longevity.

 Results and Discussion

 The egg of C. nipponicus is elongate oval with both ends rounded, relatively large

measuring 0.42 mm by 0.20 mm (n=50) and usually light gray to purple. Eggs were

usually found singly inside the vacated tubular cover of a male scale or under the armor

of a female scale, usually with a live scale beneath but occasionally with a dead female.

During low scale density, as many as 5 eggs under one female armor were observed. An

egg deposited within the male scale cover fit snugly and had almost the same diameter as