In this figure, conditions where very large mass reductions are required to create

significant flux reductions (3 << 1) are considered unfavorable for remediation [Sale and

McWhorter, 2001]. However, this type of condition has not been demonstrated in alcohol

flushing field tests [Rao et al., 1997; Falta et al, 1999; Brooks et al., 2004]. Although the initial

field tests were performed in highly sandy aquifers, sufficient homogeneity of media has not

been found to create such an unfavorable situation.


0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

 Fractional Mass Reduction


Figure 1-4. Approximate alcohol flushing test results of source zone depletion
 and subsequent flux reduction [Brooks et al., 2004; Wood et al., 2005; Fure et al.,
 2006].

 More often, both laboratory and field tests of alcohol flushing has produced relationships

from 3 = 0.5 to P = 2.5 as in Figure 1-4. Recent laboratory experiments with 2-D box physical

models have confirmed that media heterogeneity leads to near 1:1 mass reduction to flux