Table 4-33. Class H Student Mean Scores of Stress Constructs (n=70)
Construct Mean SD Min Max
Total stress 50.73 11.54 30 78
Frustrations 11.80 3.33 6 22
Conflicts 5.44 2.53 3 15
Pressures 9.79 3.08 4 17
Changes 4.42 2.24 3 12
Self-imposed 19.27 5.10 8 30
Note. Perceived stress was measured with the SSI using 22 summated items. Possible
range: Total (22 to 110), Frustrations (6-30), Conflicts (3-15), Pressures (4-20), Changes
(3-15), Self-imposed (6-30). Coded: higher score equals higher level of perceived stress.

 Considering student motivation in Class H, 70 responders returned usable MSLQ

instruments. The MSLQ consists of 31 items which form six standardized constructs.

Constructs were then summed to provide a total motivation score. Students respond to 7-

point Likert scale items with one signifying low motivation and seven signifying high

motivation. The least motivated student in Class H had a total motivation score of 17.25

while the most motivated student scored 39.80 for total motivation. In Class H, the total

motivation mean was 31.05 (SD=4.60), which was 0.59 points higher than the

normalized mean reported by Pintrich et al. (1991). None of the motivation construct

mean scores were more than 0.50 points higher or lower than the normalized mean scores

(Pintrich et al.). See Table 4-34 for reported mean scores of motivation of Class H.

Table 4-34. Class H Student Mean Scores of Motivation Constructs (n=70)
Construct Mean SD Min Max
Total motivation 31.05 4.60 17.25 39.80
Intrinsic motivation 4.85 1.16 2.00 7.00
Extrinsic motivation 5.50 1.10 2.50 7.00
Task value 5.56 1.18 1.50 7.00
Control of learning 5.69 1.02 1.75 7.00
Self-efficacy 5.48 1.08 2.25 7.00
Test anxiety 3.96 1.49 1.00 6.60
Note. Motivation was measured with the MSLQ using 31 items with standardized
constructs. Possible range: Total motivation (6-48), all constructs (1-7). Coded: higher
score equals higher level of motivation.