Concerning student engagement of Class D, 108 participants provided usable

responses for this study. In this study, three constructs with 24 items were used from the

NSSE to provide a total student engagement score. Items used 4-point scales with one

coded as low engagement and four coded as high engagement. The engagement score

range was 24 to 96. In Class D, the total calculated student engagement mean was 48.33

(SD=7.89) which was 15.41 points lower than the national reported mean for college

seniors (Kuh et al., 2001). Likewise, construct mean scores of student engagement in

Class D were also lower than the norm (Kuh et al., 2001): academic challenge was 8.63

points lower, active learning was 6.25 points lower, and student faculty interaction was

0.53 points lower. Examining the standard deviation of student engagement constructs,

there was evidence that students in Class D had an average level of student-faculty

interaction, but had low levels of academic challenge and active learning. The least

engaged student had a total score of 32 and the most engaged student scored 69. See

Table 4-19 for student engagement construct scores for Class D.

Table 4-19. Class D Student Mean Scores of Engagement Constructs (n=108)
Construct Mean SD Min Max
Total student engagement 48.33 7.89 32 69
Academic challenge 24.55 4.22 16 33
Active learning 11.67 3.30 7 24
Student-faculty interaction 12.11 3.03 6 22
Note. Engagement was measured by the NSSE with 24 summated items. Possible range:
Total Engagement (24-96), Academic Challenge (11-44), Active Learning (7-28),
Student-Faculty Interaction (6-24). Coded: higher score equals higher level of
engagement.

Class E

 There were only 32 usable KAI responses from Class E (N=105, n=48). The high

number of non-responders may be attributed to the faculty member not allocating extra-

credit to encourage student participation. The KAI uses 32 items to determine a total