For total student motivation in Class D, there were 102 usable responses. The

MSLQ determines level of motivation with six standardized construct scores providing a

total motivation range of 6 to 48. Students respond to 7-point Likert scale items with one

signifying low motivation and seven signifying high motivation. In Class D, total

motivation (M=32.42, SD=3.77, n=102) for the class was 1.96 points higher than the

reported total motivation mean from the instrument's authors (Pintrich et al. 1991),

indicating a higher level of motivation in this group. Motivation construct mean scores

were also higher than the normalized construct mean scores (Pintrich et al.): extrinsic

motivation was 0.68 points higher, task value was 0.27 points higher, control of learning

was 0.30 points higher, self-efficacy was 0.38 points higher and test anxiety was 0.49

points higher. The exception to this was intrinsic motivation, which was 0.16 points

lower than the norm reported by Pintrich et al. However, all constructs mean scores were

within one standard deviation as presented in the study conducted by Pintich et al. The

student with the lowest level of motivation in Class D scored 21.26 and the student with

the highest level of motivation scored 38.85. See Table 4-18 for reported motivation

scales of Class D.

Table 4-18. Class D Student Mean Scores of Motivation Constructs
Construct N Mean SD Min Max
Total motivation 102 32.42 3.77 21.26 38.85
Intrinsic motivation 103 4.89 1.00 1.75 6.75
Extrinsic motivation 103 5.71 1.07 2.00 7.00
Task value 102 5.81 1.05 2.00 7.00
Control of learning 103 6.04 0.83 3.50 7.00
Self-efficacy 103 5.85 1.08 2.75 7.00
Test anxiety 103 4.12 1.43 1.00 7.00
Note. Motivation was measured with the MSLQ using 31 items with standardized
constructs. Possible range: Total motivation (6-48), all constructs (1-7). Coded: higher
score equals higher level of motivation.