For classroom stress, 68 responses were deemed usable from Class B participants.

The SSI was used to determine students total stress level with 22 Likert scale items. The

range for the SSI was 22 to 110 with higher scores signifying more stress. The total stress

mean of Class B (M=55.85, SD=12.95) was approximately 14 points lower than the total

mean reported by Gadzella and Baloglu (2001). Also, Class B construct mean stress

scores were lower than the norm (Gadzella & Baloglu): frustrations was 3.96 points

lower, conflicts was 2.40 points lower, pressures was 3.14 points lower, changes was

2.72 points lower and self-imposed was 1.94 points lower. Note that one item was

removed from the frustrations construct prior to data collection which would provide a

slightly lower mean score. The student with the lowest level of perceived stress scored 31

for total stress and the student with the highest amount of perceived stress had a total

score of 87. See table 4-9 for results regarding Class B student stress.

Table 4-9. Class B Student Mean Scores of Stress Constructs (n=68)
Construct Mean SD Min Max
Total stress 55.85 12.95 31 87
Frustrations 13.69 4.98 6 27
Conflicts 6.03 2.84 3 12
Pressures 10.94 3.79 4 20
Changes 5.31 2.60 3 11
Self-imposed 19.88 4.23 8 29
Note. Perceived stress was measured with the SSI using 22 summated items. Possible
range: Total (22 to 110), Frustrations (6-30), Conflicts (3-15), Pressures (4-20), Changes
(3-15), Self-imposed (6-30). Coded: higher score equals higher level of perceived stress.

 There were 69 usable scores for calculating student motivation in Class B. The

MSLQ was used to measure student motivation and consisted of 31 items. Students

responded to items using a 7-point Likert scale with one coded to signify low motivation

and seven coded to signify high motivation. Construct scores were standardized

providing for a total range of 6 to 48 points. Of total student motivation, Class B was 0.19