Table 2-2. continued
 4-8%,
overlay panels phenol formaldehyde resins sometimes
 up to 10%
plywood/PVC laminate urea fomaldehyde 2.5% UF
 polyvinyl chloride 10% PVC
particleboard urea formaldehyde resins 5-15% UF d
 UF resins with polyvinyl
particleboard with PVC laminate chloride 4.5%UF
 10% PVC
hardboard phenolic resins 1.50%
fencing and decks: pressure CCA or ACA 1-3% e
treated southern pine CCA or ACA 1-3% e
fencing and decks: surface
treated pentachlorophenol 1.2-1.5% f
utility poles, laminated
beams,
freshwater pilings, bridge
timbers,
decking, fencing
 creosote containing
railroad ties, utility poles 85% PAHs 14-20% g
freshwater pilings, docks creosote coal tar 15-20%
marine pilings, docks creosote/chlorpyrifos 15-20%
 a. Hardwood pallets are used primarily in the eastern U.S.; softwood and plywood pallets are used
 primarily in the western U.S.
 b. Lead level is highly dependent on the age of the paint; before 1950 lead comprised as much as
 50% of the paint film. Legislation in 1976 reduced the standard to 0.06% by weight.
 c. Plywood may be surface-coated with fire retardants, preservatives and insecticides, or pressure-
 treated with CCA.
 d. May be sealed with polyurethane or other sealant to prevent off gassing of formaldehyde.
 e. Dominant wood preservative; actual levels will be lower due to evaporation or leaching after
 treatment.
 f. Restricted use due to industry change and concern over dioxin linkage; not permitted
 for residential uses.
 g. Losses after treatment estimated to be 20-50% over 10-25 years; not recommended for
 residential use.