responses. These couple scores were used in the analyses examining other couple data.

Individual scores for the measure were used in the analyses examining individual data.

Wives' violated expectations have been found to strongly influence individual and

relational outcomes, while husbands' violated expectations have not been as thoroughly

investigated. Couple scores may possibly obscure differences between men's and

women's experiences of violated expectations.

 Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the violated expectations measure and found

to be .69. This reliability measurement indicates nearly 70% of the variance in

participants' violated expectations scores can be contributed to true score variance.

Division of Household Labor: Task Differentiation and Role Dissatisfaction

 The "Who Does What?" questionnaire assesses couples' perceptions about their

division of labor across three spheres: household and family tasks, family decisions, and

child-related tasks. The subsection measuring the division of household and family tasks

contains 12 items listing various family chores and responsibilities (e.g., "planning and

preparing meals," "taking out the garbage," "providing income for our family," and

"house cleaning"). The family decisions subsection lists 12 decision-making areas such

as "how we spend time at home," "initiating lovemaking," and "deciding about

vacations." As noted above, this subsection was not included in the present study since

family decision-making does not change significantly across the transition to parenthood,

and since decision-making patterns were less relevant to this investigation's research

questions. The final subsection lists 12 tasks related to care of the child (e.g., "feeding the

baby," "responding to the baby's crying in the middle of the night," and "playing with the

baby"). Twelve additional items in this subsection ask participants to rate their level of

responsibility for the child during six time-periods for both weekdays and weekends,