TABLE OF CONTENTS A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S ................................................................................................. iii L IS T O F T A B L E S ........ ............................................................... .......... .. ............. ...... v iii F IG U R E .... .. .. ............................................................ ......... .....x ABSTRACT ........ ............... .............. ...... ..................... xi CHAPTER 1 IN TR OD U CTION ............................................... .. ......................... .. Scope of the Problem .................. ....................... ............... .... ............... T heoretical F ram ew ork ................................................................. ....................... 6 N eed for the Study ...................................................... ................. 19 P u rp o se ...............................................................................2 2 R research Q uestions........... .................................................................. ........ .. ... 22 Definition of Term s .................................... .. .. ..... .. ............23 O organization of the Study ................................................... ........ ............... .24 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..... ........... ...............25 Key Changes Across the Transition to Parenthood..............................................26 Parenting Roles, the Division of Labor, and Violated Expectations ..........................37 Stress and Coping with Unfairness in Parenting Roles ...........................................55 C o n c lu sio n s..................................................... ................ 6 1 3 M E T H O D O L O G Y ............................................................................ ................... 63 State ent of Purpose .............................................. .... .. ................. 63 D elineation of Relevant V ariables........................................................... ... .......... 63 D description of the Population and Sam ple .............................................................. 66 D ata Collection Procedures ................................................. ............................. 73 Instrumentation and Operationalized Variables ............................... ................76 R research Q uestions........... .................................................................. ........ .. ... 94