process, proactive alterations have occurred in the theoretical models. Therefore they are

now termed "enablement models", and represent models of health and ability. The

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is the model

most frequently used in rehabilitation sciences and was proposed by the World Health

Organization (WHO) [12, 13].

 The ICF has recently undergone revisions to better incorporate the concepts of

health and ability and to replace terms such as impairment, disability, and handicap to

allow for a more positive framework and classification system [13]. The ICF provides a

framework for the analysis of health conditions, body structure, body functions, activity

and participation, and environmental and personal factors [12]. There are two parts of the

ICF; the first deals with functioning and disability and is derived of the components of

body structure, body functions, activity, and participation. The second part includes the

components of contextual factors and includes environmental and personal factors. See

Figure 1-1.

 Health Condition
 (disorder/disease)




 Body Structure & Body
 Functions Activities Participation




 Environmental Factors Personal Factors


Figure 1-1. The ICIDH-2 Model of Disablement

 Body structures are the anatomical parts of the body and include organs, limbs, and

their components. Body functions are the physiological or psychological functions of