W1


I Career opportunities
I Stability
I Social networks
I Knowledge
L. - -


W1= Single Women
W2= Single Mother
W3= Married Women


Figure 2. Family, communal, and personal gains/losses of women


3. For a single mother, the outcomes of being flower worker are positive for her
 family economy, but not necessarily for her family relations. She leaves her
 children under her parent's supervision while she is working. This, sooner or latter
 could cause some friction between the single mother and her parents due to the
 efforts they must make caring for the child.The outcomes for herself are positive in
 the psychological aspect, because she gains self-esteem and freedom. But
 physically, like the married woman, she loses because the flower employment
 means an additional workload to the regular activities she does at home. Although,
 a single mother receives support from her family in caring her baby she must
 compensate such help by doing some specific chores every day. As in the case of
 the married women, the double responsibility and moral remorse of leaving her
 children while she is working are likely to affect her health with physical and
 psychological stress. As in the previous cases, hidden costs of the employment for
 single mothers are also the lack of career opportunities, stability, durable social
 networks, and knowledge. These hidden costs could reverse the psychological gain
 they obtained. The outcomes for community relations are also negative because a