-0 1
(D

S0.8
CU
S0.6

r-0.4
0
C..
0
_0.2

 0






1
0

0.9
C
o

00.8
2
0

 0.7






S1
-o


C

o
&0.s

0

0_


Real


AS


Real


'- .------. -AS


0 50 100 150 200 250 300
 Time (days)


350 400


Figure 2-4. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves for mechanical damage experienced by
 artificial (AS) and real seedlings during 1 yr in the forest understory.
 A) Vertebrate activity (estimated excluding missing seedlings and assuming
 those missing seedlings were all due to vertebrate consumption). B) Litterfall
 damage. C) Bent by unknown causes. For real seedlings, the average from
 eight species is shown. Notice the different scales in y-axes.


B. Litterfall