100%

 80%
 80% Intact

 60%

 40% Unknown

 20% Litterfall
 I Vertebrate
 0% activity



 I II I
 Real seedlings AS


Figure 2-3. Percent of real and artificial seedlings (AS) damaged during 1 yr in the forest
 understory by specific damage agent. Small and large artificial seedlings were
 pooled as "both AS" (N= 200), and real seedlings were pooled as "all real"
 (N= 755). Categories are mutually exclusive, as each seedling was assigned
 only to the first damage agent it experienced. For species codes refer to
 Table 1-1.