0.00) and day three (r = -0.22, p = 0.03). There were similar results for days one, two,

and three and median pain scores. However, there was no significant correlation between

the variables, analgesic medication use (r = -0.11, p = 0.23) or high spirituality (r = 0.13,

p = 0.17) as shown in Table 5.

 A Pearson Partial correlation for health assessment while controlling for spirituality

was analyzed. There was a statistically significant correlation for the following variables:

age (r = 0.23, p = 0.02), pain scores on day one (r = -0.31, p = 0.00), day two (r = 0.29,

p = 0.00), day three (r = -0.22, p = 0.02). There was no significance for less analgesic

medication use (r = -0.11, p = 0.26) as shown in Table 6. The results confirmed

Hypothesis 2 for pain, but rejected it for analgesic medication use.

Hypothesis 3

 Hypothesis 3 stated that there would be less analgesic medication used in those

older adults receiving hip or knee arthroplasty who had a high degree of spirituality

involvement and beliefs and a high score on the self-health assessment tool.

 An ANOVA regression was used to determine if there was an interaction between

good to excellent health and a high degree of spirituality. The relationship was not

significant (F = 1.04, p = 0.38). Further analysis a T-Test was used to determine if there

was a difference in the average analgesic medication use between the high spirituality

group and the good to excellent self-assessed health group (Ms = 7.63 and 8.49

respectively). Hypothesis 3 was rejected.

 Additional Findings

 For the purpose of this research, one question rating degree of spirituality was used

from this scale. The SIBS tool was satisfactory and demonstrated a Cronbach Coefficient

Alpha 0.94 Raw Score. Each participant completed the 39-item questionnaire and there