presumed lost. All other participants' medical records were complete at the end of the

data collection period.

 One hundred and fifteen subjects who met the inclusion criteria were consented.

The mean age of the sample was 67.70 (SD = 8.23). Seventy- four (64.3 %) of the

participants were female and 41 (35.7%) were males. The majority of the participants

were Caucasian (n = 111), followed by Hispanic (n = 2) and African American (n = 1).

 All participants were diagnosed with severe osteoarthritis and had failed

conservative medical management. Right total knee arthroplasty was the joint

replacement most frequently performed at 35% (n = 35), followed by left total knee

arthroplasty at 27.8% (n = 32), right total hip arthroplasty 18% (n=18), left total hip

arthroplasty at 13.9% (n =16), and bilateral total knee arthroplasty at 10.4% (n = 12).

 Regional Anesthesia

 Forty-six percent (n = 56) of the participants chose a femoral nerve sheath for post-

operative pain control, while 25.2% (n = 29) chose an epidural, 3.5% (n = 4) chose a

psoas compartment sheath, and 1.7% chose a continuous spinal. Patient controlled

analgesia (PCA) was used by 67% (n = 77) of subjects. The PCA group includes some of

the subjects who received a femoral nerve sheath. All other participants selected "as

needed" analgesia for postoperative pain control.

 Anesthesia Technique During Surgery

 General anesthesia was administered to 100 participants (87%) followed by

continuous spinal at 4.3% (n = 5), followed by managed anesthesia care at 2.6% (n=3).