217


276 Karen Homey, Neurosis and Human Gi en1 th. The Strug..le toward Self-realization
(New York: Norton, 1991[1950]), 18.

277 Abraham H. Maslow, Motivation andPersonality, 3rd ed. (New York: HarperCollins,
1987), 18-20.

278 Werner Sollors, Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture, 4-6,
149-153.

279 Ibid., 110-112.

280 Of the seven specified preferences the 1965 act had for Asian immigrants, two
concern educational and occupational qualifications. One preference was for
professionals, scientists, and artists of "exceptional ability." Also welcome were workers
in the industries in which the U. S. needed additional supply of labor. See Sucheng Chan,
Asian Americans: An Interpretive History, 146.

281 Harry H. L. Kitano and Roger Daniels, Asian Americans: Emerging Minorities
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice, 1988), 106-111. Some historians, Donald Takaki for
instance, view the Korean immigration history in two phases, pre-1965 and postl965. See
Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore: A History ofAsian Americans (Boston:
Little, Brown, 1989).

282 For the influence of the Cold War ideology on the South Korean politics and
education, and the role the U.S.A. played in the recent Korean history in particular, see
Chungmoo Choi, "The Discourse of Decolonization and Popular Memory: South Korea,"
Positions 1.1 (1993):77-102.

283 Takaki, Strangers from a Different .h,, e, 441-442.

284 Edna Bonacich, Ivan Light, and Charles Choy Wong, "Small Business Among
Koreans in Los Angeles," Counterpoint: Perspectives on Asian America, ed. Emma Gee
(Los Angeles: U of California P, 1976), 446-447.

285 For more details and exemplary instances, refer to Helen Zia's her discussion of the
incident of African-American boycotting in 1990 of The Red Apple Market, a Korean-
owned grocery shop in New York. Helen Zia, Asian American Dreams: The Emergence
of an American People (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000), 97.

286 Shirley Geok-Lim, "The Ambivalent American: Asian American Literature on the
Cusp," Reading the Literature ofAsian America, eds. Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Amy
Ling (Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1992), 26.
287 Sau-ling Cynthia Wong, Reading Asian American Literature: From Necessity to
Extravagance (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993), 20.