195 Charlotte Delbo, Auschwitz and After, trans. Rosette C. Lamont (New Haven: Yale
UP, 1995), 267.

196 Sara R. Horowitz, Voicing the Void: Muteness and Memory in Holocaust Fiction
(Albany: SUNY Press, 1997), 38.
197 Sigmund Freud, "Mourning and Melancholia," SE 14(1917), 253.

198 Alexander Mitscherlich and Margarete Mitscherlich, Inability to Mourn: Principles of
Collective Behavior, trans. Beverley R. Placzek (New York: Grove, 1975), 62-63.

199 Susan J. Brison, "Trauma Narratives and the Remaking of the Self," Acts ofMemory:
Cultural Recall in the Present, eds. Mieke Bal, Jonathan Crew, and Leo Spitzer
(Hanover, NH: UP of New England, 1999), 38-39; Susan J. Brison, "Outliving Oneself:
Trauma, Memory, and Personal Identity," Feminists Rethink the Self, ed. Diana Tjetjens
Meyers (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997), 25.

200 Kent D. Harber and James W. Pennebaker, "Overcoming Traumatic Memories," The
Handbook of Emotion and Memory, ed Sven-Ake Christianson (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Earlbaum Associates, 1992), 378.

201 George Steiner, Language and Silence (New York: Athenuem, 1967), 123; Elie
Wiesel, A Jew Today, trans. Marion Wiesel (New York: Random House, 1978), 202; Elie
Wiesel, "Trivializing the Holocaust," New York Times, 16 April 1978, 2:1, quoted in
Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life (Boston: Mariner, 2000), 211; Claude
Lanzmann, "De l'Holocauste a Holocauste" [From the Holocuast to Holocaust] (1979),
quoted in Michael Rothberg, Traumatic Realism: The Demands of Holocaust
Representation (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2000), 232.

202 Jean-Francois. Lyotard, The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, trans. Georges Van Den
Abbeele (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1988); Jean-Francois. Lyotard, Heidegger and
"the Jews," trans. Andreas Michel and Mark S. Roberts (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P,
1990)

203 Maurice Blanchot, The Writing ofDisaster, trans. Ann Smock (Lincoln, NE: U of
Nebraska P, 1986), 7, 47.
204 Sigmund Freud, "Fetishism," SE 21(1927), 149-157. See also Eric Santer's discussion
of "narrative fetishism" in "History beyond the Pleasure Principle," Probing the Limits
ofRepresentation: Nazism and the "Final Solution," ed. Saul Firedlander, 144-146.

205 Rothberg, Traumatic Realism: The Demands of Holocaust Representation, 80.

206 James Young, The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning (New
Haven: Yale UP, 1993), 5, 127.