Lindgren 2003, in Oregon; Schooler et al. 2003), the fungal pathogen Neozygites

floridanadd~~~~~ddddd~~~~ on the cassava green mite M~ononychelhts tanajoa in West Africa (Hountondj i

et al. 2002), the parasitoid wasp Trichogramnma brassicae on the European corn borer

Ostrinia nubilalis in Switzerland (Kuske et al. 2003), a South American mirid

Eccritotarsus catarinensis on the waterhyacinth Eichhornia cra~ssipes in South Africa

(Coetzee et al. 2003), the rubber vine moth Eucla~sta whalleyi on the rubber vine

Oryptostegia grandiflora in Australia (Cruttwell McFadyen et al. 2002), the tephritid fly

Acinia picturata on the exotic weed Phechea odorata in Hawaii (Alyokhin et al. 2001),

and the melaleuca weevil Oxyops vitiosa on M~elaleuca quinquenervia in Florida (Paul

Pratt, personal communication). All of these studies have found minimal or no non-target

effects.

 The host range of phorid decapitating flies in the genus Pseudacteon~ddd~~~ddd~~~dd have been

 studied extensively prior to field releases as self sustaining biocontrol agents of imported

 fire ants (Folgarait et al. 2002, Gilbert and Morrison 1997, Morrison and Gilbert 1999,

 Porter 1998, Porter 2000, Porter & Alonsol999, Vazquez et al. 2004a). Pseudacteon

 tricuspis Borgmeier flies were successfully established on red imported fire ant

 populations at eight sites in North Florida (1997-1999; Porter et al. 2004). In the fall of

 2003, host specificity ofP. tricuspis was tested in the field and results demonstrated that

 these phorid flies had no attraction to non-host organisms including native fire ants

 (Lloyd Morrison, personal communication). These results are consistent with predictions

 from quarantine laboratory tests (Gilbert and Morrison 1997, Porter and Alonso 1999)

 and field tests in South America (Porter 1998) prior to its release in the United States.