SF1 rotor stalk Figure 1-2. Space-filling structural model ofEscherichia coli F1Fo ATP synthase. The model is based on a composite of high and low resolution structures taken from E. coli, yeast and bovine F1Fo ATP synthases. F1Fo subunits included in the model were u3 38ysab2C10. The subunits were color coded as follows: a, red; p, green; y, cyan; s, orange; 6, yellow; b, blue; a, brighter yellow; c, darker blue. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of rotation of ysclo during ATP synthesis. The yellow and blue cylinders represent the a subunit and portions of the b subunit that currently have no high-resolution structures from any species. catallytic b_ core peripheral stalk