2-9. ATP-driven energization of membrane vesicles prepared from uncF(b) gene
 m utants. ............. ...............101....

2-10. NADH-driven acidification of membrane vesicles prepared from uncF(b)
 m utants ................. ...............102.............


2-11. Ni-resin purification ofF FoF ATP synthase treated with the cross-linker BS3.....106

2-12. Ni-resin purification ofF Fo ATP synthase expressing unequal length b
 subunits ........._... ...... ..... ...............108....

2-13. Quantitation of b subunit heterodimeric F1Fo ................. ............................110

2-14. Interactions of b subunits of unequal lengths ...._.__... .... .._._.. ........_........112

3-1. Oligonucleotides for epitope tags and C-terminal truncation of uncF(b) ................1 19

3-2. Ni-resin purification ofF FoF ATP synthase incorporated with barg36 Subunit
 mutations ....._. ................ ................. 124....

3-3. ATP-driven energization of membrane vesicles prepared from uncF(b) arg36
 gene mutants ........... ..... .._ ...............127..

3-4. Ni-resin purification ofF FoF ATP synthase containing a b subunit carboxyl-
 terminal truncation .............. ............... 129...

3-5. ATP-driven energization of membrane vesicles incorporated with F,Fo ATP
 synthase containing a b subunit carboxyl-terminal truncation................ .............13

3-6. Ni-resin purification of membranes incorporated with b+124-130-his subunit
 mutati on ................. ...............132................

3-7. ATP-driven energization of membrane vesicles incorporated with a defective
 b+124-130 Subunit mutation ................. ...............133................

3-8. Ni-resin purification ofF FoF ATP synthase incorporated with complementing
 defective b subunits ........._._. ._......_.. ...............136....

3-9. ATP-driven energization of membrane vesicles incorporated with F Fo ATP
 synthase containing complementing defective b subunits .............. ...................137

3-10. Interactions of defective b subunit with wild type b subunits found in intact
 F1Fo ATP synthase complexes .............. ...............140....

3-1 1. Model of F1Fo ATP synthase incorporated with complementing defective b
 subunits .............. ...............142....