Tinkareni people had to escape to the mountains when terrorists tried to kidnap

them in January 1990 (Gagnon et al. 1993). These people lived as nomads in the forest

for 16 months until they joined the anti-terrorist headquarters at Misi6n Cutivireni

(Rodriguez 1993, Espinosa 1994).They stayed as refugees at Misi6n Cutivireni until 1996

when they returned to their original homeland in the Tinkareni area. In contrast to the

people from Boca Camantavishi and Yoyato who were affected by the external cultural

influence while living with terrorists, the people from Tinkareni strengthened their

traditional knowledge of the forest in order to survive with no permanent agricultural

plots. Tinkareni village is located a two-hour walk from the Ene River. In contrast to

Yoyato and Boca Camantavishi, in Tinkareni there is no presence of any church.

Currently, Tinkareni has a population of 235 inhabitants in 45 households.

 Methods

Data Collection

 To examine the socioeconomic effects of the carpentries, data for Yoyato, Boca

Camantavishi and Yoyato villages were collected using four methods: (1) in-depth

interviews of key informants, (2) questionnaires, (3) focus groups, and (4) informal

interviews and participant observation. All data collection was carried out during an

eight-week period in June/July 2003. Approximately equal time was spent in each of the

three villages. This intensive eight-week research period followed upon a five-year

experience in which I worked in this area as an extension agent for ACPC.

 In-depth interviews of key informants were applied within each of the three

villages. These in-depth interviews were applied to one village leader and one carpentry

operator at each village. The village leaders were interviewed to gather information about