3. COMMUNITY BASED CARPENTRIES IN THREE ASHANINKA VILLAGES 41

 C om m unity F orest E enterprises .................................................................................. 4 1
 The A shaninka ........................................................................ ............ .............. 44
 S tu dy O bjectiv es ....................................................................................................... 4 6
 Study Site and C om m unities .................................... .......................... .............. 46
 M eth o d s ..................................................................................................................... 5 0
 D ata C o llectio n ................................................................................................... 50
 L ines of Inquiry .............................................................................. ............. 52
 C arpentry infrastructure ............... ........................................... .............. 52
 Carpentry goals and working strategies ................................................ 52
 Benefits and costs from the carpentry operation................................... 52
 C arpentry im pacts .............................................. ............. ...... ................ 55
 Carpentry sustainability and perceptions about the future....................... 55
 R results ......................................................................................... ..... .................. 56
 C arpentry Infrastructure .................................... .......................... .............. 56
 W o rk sh o p .................................................................................................... 5 6
 Operators ..................................... ................... .. ........ .............. 56
 Machinery maintenance and fuel supply............................................... 57
 Carpentry Goals and Working Strategies..................................................... 58
 C arp entry g oals ....................... ..................................... ................... ... 58
 W working strategies.. .............................................................. ............. 60
 B e n e fits ................... ..................................... ................................................ .... 6 2
 B benefits at the household level................................................ .............. 63
 B benefits at the village level ..................................................... .............. 65
 C o sts ................................................................................................................. .. 6 8
 C osts at household level................................ ....................... .............. 68
 C osts at the village level................................ ....................... .............. 69
 Benefit and Cost Distribution.................... ................................ 70
 Benefit and cost distribution at the household level.............................. 70
 Benefit and cost distribution at the village level................................... 73
 Social C conflicts .............................................................................. ............. 73
 Im pacts to the F orest .......................................................... ............... ................ 75
 Carpentry Sustainability and Perceptions about the Future .............................. 78
 L im stations of the carpentry .................................................... .............. 78
 H ow to im prove the carpentry................................................. .............. 79
 D iscu ssio n ..................... ........................................................................................ 8 0
 Stated G oals and Perceived Benefits.............................................. .............. 80
 C ost and B benefit D distribution ......................................................... .............. 83
 Social C conflicts ............................................................................................ 85
 Forest Threats ................... ....... ... .................... ........ .............. 86
 Favorable Conditions and Constraints to Carpentry Sustainability ................... 87
 C o n c lu sio n s................................................................................................................ 9 0


4. CONCLUSIONS ................................ ................... ......... ......... ..... 93



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