composition of the Eigures is similar to the one in the Bible ofAvila. The Virgin Mary,

Longinus, Stephanus and St. John are located underneath the cross. The Eigures of

Longinus and Stephanus are smaller than the figures of the Virgin Mary and St. John.

The Eigure of Christ has every muscle in his body articulated with incised lines

reproducing the muscles of the body. This is similar to the way the Master of the Cycle of

the Life and Pa~ssion of Christ in the Bible ofAvila depicts the muscles with a darker

color. Christ also has his long hair hanging in locks to the sides of his shoulders. The

loincloths that cover Christ and the thieves are knee-long and done in a similar fashion to

those in the Bible ofAvila. The drapery in the Arca Santa is not only linear with double,

or triple, incised lines that create the texture of the clothes, but it also represents the

central semicircular design mimicking the way in which the drapery falls. These

characteristics are also present in the Bible ofAvila.172 It is also similar in the way the

drapery clings to the body of the Eigures with a soft curving on the edges, and in the way

the veil covers the Virgin Mary is similar to the design in the Bible ofAvila. It appears

that the Master of the Life and Passion of Christ in the Bible ofAvila has been inspired by

the minor arts that flourished in the north of Spain in the 11Ith to 12th centuries.

 Still, there is a Einal example of the Crucifixion that comes from the church of

San Justo and Pastor in Segovia from the end of the 12th century that needs to be

considered (Fig. 5 1). The Crucifixion of Christ is located on the left wall of the chancel

area. The scene has Christ crucified on a Latin cross. His head hangs towards the right,

but He is still alive with eyes wide open. His hands are tilted downwards at

approximately sixty-degree angle, a loincloth covers Him and He wears a bare halo.

172 This design appears more often in relief sculptures from minor arts of Spain, than in
manuscript illumination.