crucified (Fig. 48).168 Unlike in the Bible ofAvila, Christ is alive on the cross, but He still

wears a cross halo and a loincloth and He has been attached to the cross with four nails

just as in the Cycle of the Life and Passion of Christ. He stands on the supedaneum~~~~dddd~~~~ddd

analogous in the Bible ofAvila.169 On the left are Longinus and the Virgin Mary, and on

the right are the Stephanon and St. John. The garments that the Virgin Mary and St. John

wear are similar to those worn by their counterpart in the Bible ofAvila. A second

example that reproduces a complex narrative, but without the Virgin Mary and St. John is

in the Beatus of Gerona, a 10th century manuscript (Fig. 49). When compared to the

Cycle of the Life andPassion of Christ the similar elements are Christ wearing a cross

halo and crucified with four nails--two for the hands and two for the feet, just as in the

Bible ofAvila-and wearing a loincloth, with the Stephanon on the right, and Longinus

on the left. Also similar is the presence of the two thieves, whose arms are wrapped

around the cross, and the two soldiers that stand by the cross of the thieves ready to break

their legs. It differs from the Crucifixion in the Bible ofAvila in the addition of

representations of the Sun and the Moon and angels. A third example that more closely

resembles the correlating scene in the Bible ofAvila is the cover of the reliquary of the

Arca Santa from Oviedo (Oviedo) from the 11Ith century (Fig. 50).170 The cover depicts


168 Vifiayo Gonzalez, A., San Isidoro de Leon Panteon de los Reyes, 1995, pp. 33-34.

169 Vifiayo Gonzalez, A., San Isidoro de Leon Panteon de los Reyes, 1995, pp. 43-44,
mentions that the artist of the mural painting depicted a supedaneum~~~~dddd~~~~ddd under the feet of
Christ, so that in the conception of the episode, the artist thought of Christ as being nailed
by both feet. Similarly, Master of the Cycle of the Life and Passion of Christ used the
supendaneum in a similar fashion.

170 Durliat, M., Espagne Romane, 1993, p. 85, mentions that the king Alfonso VI and his
sister Dofia Urraca were responsible for the commission of the Sacred Ark, which make
reference to the Ark of the Alliance from Jerusalem. But in The Art of2~edieval Spain, ad
500-120, p. 259, Julie E. Harries mentions that according to the Liber Testtttttttttttametorum~tt~ the