occur for assumptions two, three, four, or five, then appropriate techniques were used to

control for this.

Social Physique Anxiety Scale

 A 2(group: gymnast, nonathlete) x 2(time: preseason, in-season) repeated

measures analysis of variance (i.e., ANOVA) was conducted for the Social Physique

Anxiety Scale. The independent variables for this study were group (gymnast, nonathlete)

and time (preseason, in-season). The dependent variable was the social physique anxiety

score. Prior to conducting the analysis, the data were examined to ensure they met the

appropriate statistical assumptions. The assumptions for repeated measures ANOVA are:

1) observations are independent, 2) the population is normally distributed, 3) covariances

are equivalent, 4) variance is homogeneous, and 5) sphericity (i.e., the variances of

differences between any two measurements within a subject are constant; Grimm &

Yarnold, 1995). The first assumption is an experimental design error, and it was not

violated. If violations did occur for assumptions two, three, four, and five, appropriate

techniques to control for this were used.