LIST OF FIGURES


Figure pge

2.1 Schematic diagram of (a) typical structure of MISIM, (b) inversed structure of
 A CTFEL ................... ....... .................................. .......... ...... .6

2.2 Schematic diagram of half-stack structure. .................. ........... ............................7

2.3 Schematic structure of (a) patterned phosphor structure, (b) "color-by-white"
 filtered structure. ..................................................... ................ .. 9

2.4 Four m ain steps of electroluminescence ........................................ ............... 11

2.5 Equivalent circuit model of an ACTFEL device .................. ........................... 16

2.6 A typical waveform used to drive ACTFEL device...................... ..... .............17

2.7 A typical idealized charge-voltage diagram ............... ............... ...............19

2 .8 A typical B -V plot ......................................................................... ................ .. 2 1

2.9 Schematic diagram of the CIE diagram ...................................... ...............22

2.10 Energy level scheme for different rare earths ..................................................31

2.11 Schematic diagram of the Ce3+ ion which shows the radial positions of the outer
 o rb ita ls ........................................................................... 3 2

2.12 Spectrum of ZnS:ErF3 over a) the visible, and b) the near-infrared region ...........33

2.13 Spectrum of ZnS:TmF3 over a) visible and b) near-infrared region .......................34

3.1 Infrared brightness dependence on concentration ................................................39

3.2 Infrared brightness dependence on temperature ............................................... 40

3.3 Infrared brightness dependence on annealing temperature (Er) ...........................43

3.4 Schematic of rapid thermal annealing set up..........................................................44

3.5 Schematic of electrical measurement set up. ................................... .................46