Psychosocial variables and survival The independent variables. The relationship between psychosocial variables and survival was explored by corre- lating psychosocial variables with the survival quotient that had been calculated for each individual in the sample. Fourteen of the psychosocial characteristics treated as independent variables were drawn directly from the scales of the Index of Vulnerability. These variables are listed in Table 9. Table 9 Independent Variables Drawn from Scales of the Index of Vulnerability Variables Hopelessness Turmoil Frustration Depression Powerlessness Anxiety Exhaustion Worthlessness Abandonment Denial Truculence Repudiation of key others Time perspective Total vulnerability Note. The scale of measurement of all variables listed in the table was continuous.