(Carlyn, 1977; Carskadon & Knudson, 1978; Coan, 1978; Steele & Kelly,

1976). In a comprehensive technical review of the MBTI Carlyn (1977)

reported that the instrument exhibited moderate predictive validity in

forecasting college major and academic achievement. In addition, the

MBTI was found to be significantly related to the Gray-Wheelwright

questionnaire (Gray & Wheelwright, 1946), an instrument developed by

Jungian analysts to measure the same properties as the MBTI. In

summary, the MBTI appears to be an acceptable empirical indicator of

psychological type differences among late adolescents and adults.


The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory


 The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory was used in this study to

measure personality coping styles. According to Sweet et al. (1985),

this instrument is particularly sensitive to psychopathology in medical

populations; therefore, it was used instead of the Minnesota Multiphasic

Personality Inventory because of its suitability for this study and its

brevity. The instrument was developed specifically for use with

physically ill patients with medical-behavioral decision-making issues

required. The normative population of the MBHI consisted of several

groups of nonclinical subjects (n = 452) and numerous samples of medical

patients (n = 2,113) involved in diagnosis, treatment, or follow-up.

 The MBHI contains 150 items that divide and overlap into eight

scales to measure basic coping styles, six scales to measure psychogenic

attitudes, and three scales to measure prognostic indices. The 20

scales and items are geared to an eighth-grade reading level.

Potentially objectionable statements were screened. A brief description