on behavior and attitude to labor and found that it was not predictive.

Two other investigators using Eysenck's instrument (Bond, 1971; Bond,

1973) did find "a low degree of neuroticism clearly linked with

limitation of the experience of pain" (Bond, 1973, p. 259) and the

extraversion/introversion factor related to complaint behavior, with the

extraverts complaining more.

 Shacham, Reinhardt, Rauhutas, & Cleeland (1983), in a study of 95

 patients with cancer referred to a pain clinic, found that pain severity

 was significantly related to negative mood states. Lufkin and Ray

 (1982), in an article titled "Personality Correlates of Pain Perception

 and Tolerance," report that in a nonmedical population exposed to

 laboratory-induced pain, tolerance was related to situation variables

 such as cognitive focus and distraction rather than the personality

 variables of self-esteem and depression.

 As stated earlier, investigators of postoperative pain generally

consider anxiety and neuroticism. Scott et al. (1983) demonstrated that

preoperative anxiety was a significant predictor of postoperative pain

and trait anxiety was not predictive of any of the postoperative pain

measures. They also found that information about the surgery was

predictive of higher levels of pain. This finding is at odds with other

research on giving information prior to surgery (Langer, Janis, &

Walfer, 1975); however, it does suggest that cognitive factors do

mediate pain response in some way. Martinez-Vrrutia (1975) in a study

of hospitalized veterans also found an increase in state anxiety after

surgery but no significant increase in trait anxiety.