28' 30- 32'
 km
 0 50 100
Figure 22. Known distribution of Synodontis
melanostictus. T denotes type locality.



first suggested placing S. melanostictus in the synonymy
of S. nigromaculatus, stating that the presence or ab-
sence of these papillae depended upon the condition and
preservation of a particular specimen. This appears to
be the case in the holotype of S. melanostictus, which
lacks any indication of papillae on its body. While the
papillae are not as diagnostic as was once thought, other
evidence has been found to support the distinctiveness
of S. melanostictus.
 The interrupted condition of the premaxillary
toothpad of Synodontis melanostictus differentiates it
from S. nigromaculatus, in which the premaxillary
toothpad is uninterrupted. Vertebral counts also differ
between these species with S. melanostictus having 38-
39 total vertebrae (n=5, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, MRAC
100515-100518) vs. 36-37 in S. nigromaculatus (n=13,
BMNH 1905.11.10.10, 1920.5.26.95-102, 1943.7.27.414-
421, 1976.3.18: 2439-2440). Finally, although small dark
spots are present in both species, these spots are dis-
crete in S. melanostictus, while S. nigromaculatus al-
ways has some confluent spots (Fig. 21). Based upon
these differences, S. melanostictus is recognized herein
as a valid species that is endemic to the Lake Tanganyika
drainage.


BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 46(4)

 Synodontis multipunctatus Boulenger, 1898
 (Figs. 2, 3B, 8, 23, 24; Tables 1, 10)

 Synodontis multipunctatus Boulenger, 1898:24, pl. 8,
 description, Sumba (Lake Tanganyika); 1899:95, note,
 Lake Tanganyika; 1901:313, pl. 15, description, Sumbu,
 Kalambo, Moliro, Albertville; 1901 b: 149, Kalambo
 (Lake Tanganyika); 1906:553, Niamkolo (Lake
 Tanganyika); 1911:420, fig. 316, description, Sumba,
 Kalambo, Niamkolo.- Moore, 1903:166, fig., descrip-
 tion, Sumbu (Lake Tanganyika). Worthington and
 Ricardo, 1933:1067,1077, 1101, note, diet, Usumbura,
 Kigoma, Kala (Lake Tanganyika). Borodin, 1936:10,
 Kasanga (Lake Tanganyika). David and
 Poll,1937:267, Tembwe, Moba, Rumonge, Uvira. -
 Poll, 1946:220, description, Lake Tanganyika; 1953:155,
 pl. 6, fig. 4, description, diet, Lake Tanganyika. Hulot,
 1950:170, diet, Lake Tanganyika. Lambert, 1960:26,
 figs. 26 and 27, note. Matthes, 1962:5, photo, 45,
 note, sexual dimorphism, Uvira (Lake Tanganyika).
 Coulter, 1965-1966:34, table, abundance at differ-
 ent depths, Lake Tanganyika; 1991a:152, 154, 181,
 182, table 8.2, 8.3, 8.16, abundance, ecology, Lake
 Tanganyika. Brichard, 1978:360,361,423, photos,
 identification, Lake Tanganyika; 1989:476, 478, 481,
 483,474, 479, photos, coloration and identification. -
 Sands, 1983:23, 24, 76, check-list, diet, photo.- Daget,
 Gosse, & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1986:134, check-
 list. Sato, 1986:58-59, brood parasitism, Lake
 Tanganyika. Burgess, 1989:190, pl. 74, 77, 78, 85,
 94, behavior, Lake Tanganyika. Kobayagowa,
 1989:14, photo.
 Material Examined. Holotype, BMNH
 1898.9.9.76, TL 280 mm, SL 220 mm, Sumba, coll. J.E.S.
 Moore, (2) BMNH 1906.9.8.70-71, TL 249-267 mm, SL
 193-205 mm, Niamkolo, L. Tanganyika, coll.
 Cunningham, (2) BMNH 1955.12.20.1840-1841, TL 213-
 256 mm, SL 168-199 mm, Usumbura, L. Tanganyika,
 coll. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Beige, (1) BMNH
 1955.12.20.1836, TL 78 mm, SL 61 mm, Nyanza Bay,
 L. Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belge, (2)
 BMNH 1955.12.20.1857-1858, TL 200-214 mm, SL 152-
 172 mm, Lagosa, L. Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy. Sci.
 Nat. Belge, (1) BMNH 1955.12.20.1852, TL 99 mm, SL
 75 mm, Moba Bay, Lake Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy.
 Sci. Nat. Belge, (1) BMNH 1955.12.20.1842, TL 225
 mm, SL 175 mm, Albertville, indigenous market, Lake
 Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Beige, 21.XI.1946,
 (1) BMNH 1955.12.20.1845, TL 213 mm, SL 168 mm,
 M'Pala, L. Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belge,
 7.I.1947, (1) BMNH 1955.12.20.1833, TL 69 mm, SL
 54 mm, Moba Bay, L. Tanganyika, coll. Inst. Roy. Sci.