1991 a). Diet. Synodontis irsacae is omnivorous, feed- ing on algae, sponges, ostracods, small crabs, insect lar- vae, and fish eggs (Matthes 1959; Coulter 1991a). Reproduction. -As with most of the other species of Synodontis in the lake, information regarding the re- production of S. irsacae is nonexistent. Taxonomic Remarks. Originally described by Matthes (1959), Synodontis irsacae was quickly placed in the synonymy of S. dhonti Boulenger (Matthes 1962). Specimens of S. irsacae were thought to be juvenile individuals of S. dhonti, a species for which the holo- type was the only known specimen. A number of onto- genetic changes in external morphology and morpho- metric ratios were proposed to account for the differ- ences between specimens of S. irsacae and the holo- type of S. dhonti. A list of these changes, given by Matthes (1962), follows (translation by first author): * The relative length of the snout increases. * The relative size of the eye diminishes. * The head and the body become more squat. * The bone structure of the cranium, the occipito-nuchal shield and the humeral process becomes rugose and more strongly developed, causing a general increase in the relative size of the head. * The humeral process becomes more blunt. * The number of mandibular teeth increases. * The band of premaxillary teeth becomes wider. * The dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines become relatively shorter, wider and more rugose, while the anterior ser- rations become obscured. Examination of material identified as S. dhonti and S. irsacae has revealed additional differences between the S. dhonti holotype and specimens recognized herein as S. irsacae. * A large, conspicuous axillary pore is present in the holotype of S. dhonti, while this structure is lacking in S. irsacae. * The premaxillary toothpad of S. irsacae is interrupted, while that of the holotype of S. dhonti is uninterrupted. * The number of primary and secondary premaxillary tooth rows is different between S. irsacae and the ho- lotype of S. dhonti (three and two vs. four and five, respectively). * No papillae are present on the body skin of S. irsacae, while granulous papillae cover the body of the S. dhonti holotype. * The holotype of S. dhonti has 25 elongated gill rakers on the first branchial arch; 10 specimens of S. irsacae showed a range of 12-16 gill rakers, none of which was conspicuously elongated. In light of these new findings, Synodontis irsacae BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 46(4) is recognized herein as a distinct species from S. dhonti. The differences between the S. dhonti holotype and the S. irsacae specimens examined in this study do not vary with ontogeny in other Tanganyikan species of Synodontis, and there is no reason to believe that they do in S. irsacae. There have been no specimens col- lected that appear to be intermediate in size and appear- ance between S. dhonti and S. irsacae that might lend support to the idea that specimens of S. irsacae are juvenile S. dhonti. A specimen cited by Matthes (1962) as being intermediate between the two species (MRAC 90279) is actually a specimen of S. tanganaicae. Synodontis lucipinnis n. sp. (Figs. 4A, 19, 20; Tables 2, 8) Holotype. SAIAB 77880, TL 97 mm, SL 78 mm, Zambia, Lake Tanganyika; Musende Rocks, 08046'00"S, 031 07'00"E, 10.X. 1992. Paratypes. (10) SAIAB 39577, TL 58-98 mm, SL 47-79 mm, Zambia, Mpulungu, Musende Rocks, 08046'00"S, 031051'00"E, 07.VII.1992, (3) SAIAB 77879, TL 70-85 mm, SL 56-69 mm, Zambia, Musende Rocks, 08'46'00"S, 031 06'00"E, 05.VIII.1992, (4) SAIAB 77882, TL 55-97 mm, SL 44-78 mm, Zambia, Lake Tanganyika; Musende Rocks, 08046'00"S, 031007'00"E, 10.X.1992, (1) SAIAB 77894, TL 88 mm, SL 73 mm, Zambia, Mbala, Lake Tanganyika, Mbita Is- land (northwest end), 0845.18'S, 03105.07'E, 29.11.2004. Diagnosis. -Axillary pore absent; mandibular teeth 35-51; body with large spots; fin spines white; 8-9 pec- toral-fin rays; black triangles on bases of all rayed fins with light colored window at base (except caudal fin); eye 25.2-35.8% snout length; premaxillary toothpad in- terrupted; secondary branches on medial mandibular barbel present; occipito-nuchal shield covered with skin; papillae on skin of body absent; maximum TL 100 mm. The lack of an axillary pore distinguishes Synodontis lucipinnis from S. dhonti, S. grandiops, S. granulosus, S. multipunctatus, S. petricola, and S. tanganaicae. Synodontis lucipinnis is further sepa- rated from S. petricola by the presence of light colored windows at the bases of the rayed fins (with the excep- tion of the caudal fin). Morphometric measurements vary little between these two species. Synodontis lucipinnis differs from S. dhonti, S. granulosus, S. ilebrevis, S. irsacae, S. melanostictus, S. polli, and S. tanganaicae in having white fin spines (vs. brown to black) and also differs from all of these species (with the exception of S. irsacae) in lacking papillae on the skin of the body. The occipito-nuchal shield being cov-