LANKESTERIANA


enclosing the notch on either side of the lip. We have
not observed nectar production in any species with this
morphology, and we conclude they are nectar deceit
flowers. Earlier workers have placed many species
with this deceit morphology in Chondrorhyncha or
Cochleanthes. Our molecular cladograms indicate
that species with this deceit morphology are scattered
among various clades with other floral mechanisms, and
therefore genera based on gross floral morphology are
polyphyletic. The lack of resolution in the deeper nodes
of Fig. 4 does not allow a clear reconstruction of the
evolution of floral traits within this clade. Nevertheless,
there are numerous well-supported clades that warrant
generic recognition and conflict strongly with existing
generic delimitations. In order to recognize these
monophyletic clades at the generic level several generic
transfers and nomenclatural changes are necessary.

Chondrorhyncha (sensu strict) Chondrorhyncha as
traditionally defined is polyphyletic. The only feature
defining Chondrorhyncha in the traditional sense is the
relatively simple rostellum and viscidium, probably
the ancestral condition for much of the complex. We
have not yet sampled authentic material of the type
species, C. rosea Lindl. Our Colombian sample, sent
as that species, may be closer to C. caquetae Fowlie,
but both are close to the type species, and several other
South American species resemble both C. rosea and
C. hirtzii in the form of the callus. Although species
currently placed in Chondrorhyncha are scattered in at
least eight clades throughout the cladogram, the type
species (C. rosea) falls in a small highly supported
clade with C. aff hirtzii and C. hirtzii. Consequently,
this clade is recognized as Chondrorhyncha s.s.; its
members are restricted to northern South America and
are characterized by a lip with a 2-toothed callus that
narrows distally and by an ovate viscidium without a
distinct stipe. Based on morphology, unsampled species
that likely fall in this clade include C. fosterae Dodson,
C. macronyx Kraenzl., C. suarezii Dodson, and C.
velastiguii Dodson.

 Chondroscaphe (Dressler) Senghas & G. Gerlach
- Chondroscaphe (about 14 species) is characterized
by distinctive "para-rostellar lobules" that sometimes
clasp the viscidium and the well developed stipe. The
lips have a narrow basal callus, plus a second callus-like
thickening or pad of trichomes distal to the basal callus.
Most species also have narrow leaves and large flowers
with highly fimbriate lips. First described as a section
of Chondrorhyncha, the fimbriate members of the C.
flaveola complex were given generic status by Senghas


and Gerlach (1993b; type: Zygopetalum flaveolum
Linden & Rchb.f.). The C. bicolor group is congeneric
with the C. flaveola complex; however, more material
of this complex is needed to clarify species limits. The
description of C. bicolor is vague, and the type specimen
is poorly preserved (Dressler 2001). Chondrorhyncha
and Chondroscaphe are compared in Table 3.

Daiotyla Dressier, gen. nov.
Chondrorhynchae Lindley similis, sed labelli callo
crasso et biloba o Ilittrt.
Type species: Chondrorhyncha albicans Rolfe, Bull.
Misc. Inform. Kew 40: 195. 1898.
Fr i ..1I *, From the Greek terms daio (divide) and
tyle (knot or callus).

Daiotyla differs from Chondrorhyncha mainly in the
thick, 2-parted basal callus that reaches to about the
middle of the lip. The pollinarium is similar to that of
Chondrorhyncha. Our molecular data place it as sister
to Stenia, but the lip shape is quite unlike that of Stenia.
The vegetative habit is similar to that of Stenia, but it is
also similar to that of most species of Chondrorhyncha
s.s. and to other genera with medium-sized plants. The
genus consists of three described species and at least
one species waiting for description. Drawings and
photographs of D. crassa and D. albicans are given
by Dressler (1983b: 222-223) and Pupulin (2003: 469-
470).

Daiotyla albicans (Rolfe) Dressier, comb. nov.
Basionym: Chondrorhyncha albicans Rolfe, Kew
Bull. 140: 195. 1898.
Daiotyla crassa (Dressier) Dressier, comb. nov.
Basionym: Chondrorhyncha crassa Dressier, Die
Orchidee 34: 222. 1983.
Daiotyla maculata (Garay) Dressier, comb. nov.
Basionym: Chondrorhyncha maculata Garay,
Orquideologia 4: 21. 1969.

Stenia A highly supported clade contains five
species of Stenia plus Dodsonia. All species possess
rigid pouched or longitudinally folded lips and
prominent stipes. Although Dodsonia is not embedded
within Stenia, the molecular data do not support
its segregation from Stenia; the sister relationship
depicted in Fig. 4 collapses in the strict consensus of
shortest trees. We have not sampled Dodsoniafalcata
Ackerman, but no morphological characters warrant
either species' separation from Stenia, and we transfer
the species of Dodsonia to Stenia below. Though
Stenia is monophyletic, the structure of the pollinaria is


Vol. 5, N 2