LANKESTERIANA5(2): 87-107. 2005.


GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ZYGOPETALINAE (ORCHIDACEAE:
 CYMBIDIEAE): COMBINED MOLECULAR EVIDENCE



 W. MARK WRITTEN
 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA

 NORRIS H. WILLIAMS1
 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA

 ROBERT L. DRESSLER2
 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA

 GUNTER GERLACH
 Botanischer Garten Miinchen Nymphenburg, Menzinger Str. 65. 80638 Miinchen, Germany

 FRANCO PUPULIN
 Jardin Botanico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. Box 1031-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica

1Author for correspondence: orchid@flmnh.ufl.edu
2Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.
Mailing address: 21305 NW 86th Ave., Micanopy, Florida 32667.


ABSTRACT. The phylogenetic relationships of the orchid subtribe Zygopetalinae were evaluated using parsimony
analyses of combined DNA sequence data of nuclear ITS 1 and 2 (including the 5.8s region and portions of the
flanking 18s and 26s regions) and of the plastid trnL intron plus the trnL-F intergenic spacer and the plastid
matK. Analyses of the three separate data sets produced highly congruent and moderately supported patterns, so
these were combined in a single analysis. Combined analysis of 104 ingroup and two outgroup taxa produced
highly resolved cladograms. Zygopetalinae comprises a Zygopetalum grade or clade (pseudobulbs prominent;
leaves usually plicate, revolute); a Huntleya grade (pseudobulbs reduced or lacking; leaves conduplicate),
including Dichaea, Huntleya, Chaubardia, and the Chondrorhyncha complex, plus Cryptarrhena that is
weakly supported as sister to the Huntleya clade; and a Warrea grade. Chondrorhyncha s.l. is polyphyletic and
six genera are here segregated as monophyletic taxa (see Key words).

RESUMEN. Se evaluaron las relaciones filogendticas de la subtribu Zygopetalinae mediante andlisis de
parsimonia de datos combinados de secuencias de ADN de ITS nuclear 1 y 2 (incluyendo la region 5.8s y
parties de las regions adyacentes 18s y 26s), del intr6n del plastidio trnL, del espaceador interg6nico trnL-F
y del matK del plastidio. El andlisis de los tres juegos de datos separados mostr6 patrons muy congruentes y
moderadamente sustentados, de modo que 6stos fueron combinados en un solo andlisis. El analisis combinado
de 104 taxa internos y 2 externos produjo cladogramas de alta resoluci6n. Zygopetalinae abarca un grado o
clado de Zygopetalum (pseudobulbos prominentes; hojas a menudo plicadas, revolutas); un clado de Huntleya
(pseudobulbos reducidos o ausentes; hojas conduplicadas), que incluye Dichaea, Huntleya, Chaubardia, y
el complejo de Chondrorhyncha, ademAs de Cryptarrhena, d6bilmente sustentada como grupo hermano del
clado de Huntleya; y un grado de Warrea. Chondrorhyncha s.l. es polifil6tica; por ello, aqui se segregan 6
g6neros como taxa monofil6ticos (ver palabras clave).

KEY WORDS / PALABRAS CLAVE: Aetheorhyncha; Cymbidieae; Daiotyla; Echinorhyncha; Euryblema; Ixyophora;
Orchidaceae; Stenotyla, Zygopetalinae.