In the long run, protecting the American Market for the Ameri-
 can farmer should so increase his net income that normally he will
 have an adequate reserve to buy fertilizer and plant soil-building
 crops without depending on the Federal Government for help. In
 this connection attention is called to the fact that rice growers in


 GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF EROSION


















 7,o fp W.", .l,. ,
 SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD, Second Report
 Fig. 6
 Degree of soil erosion. The maximum erosion by water, in the form of sheet erosion and
gullying, has taken place in areas 1 and 2, where respectively serious and harmful erosion is
widespread over cultivated and overgrazed areas. In area 3, the relatively flat lands, and in 4,
the hilly and mountainous country of the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest, erosion is gen-
erally not serious, though it is bad locally in area 3. Area 5, in the Great Plains and the
Columbia Plateau, is characterized by wind erosion, much of it serious where the soil is culti-
vated. In area 6, mainly the intermountain West, there is in general much serious erosion
owing to overgrazing chiefly.

 Japan expend from twenty-five to forty percent of their annual in-
 come for the purchase of fertilizers. This is in a country where
 the soil has been under cultivation for tens of centuries. Proper
 soil conservation initiated by previous dynasties would have avoid-
 ed the necessity for such a heavy expense f.r fertilizers. Let Amer-
 ica take notice lest history repeat itself in this country.
 To make possible a more secure stake in the land for the tiller
 of the soil is of paramount importance. Profitable prices for farm
 products plus low interest rates on mortgages will assist the farmer
 in devoting a larger amount.of.his current income to the reduction
 of mortgage. The increa'e in.fyrn t.nanfy'.etween 1910 and 1930,
 Second Derrlborn C('afttreoc. .

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