BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM


specifics out of their territories, emitting high pitched audible sounds
as they fly. Bradbury and Vehrencamp (1977) reported that individual
males defend noctural feeding territories admitting only females that
roost and mate with them.
 FLIGHT BEHAVIOR.-Pteronotus parnellii is one of the most com-
 monly seen species on BCI as it flies low along forest trails. Ultrasonic
 pulses picked up by a bat detector indicate that P. parnellii feeds as it
 flies back and forth in long loops along forest trails and groundstory
 vegetation.
 Flight activity of P. parnellii through the night is bimodal, with a
 major activity peak occurring 1 to 4 hours after sunset (Fig. 10). Data
 on activity cycles of the other guild members are limited, but P.
 parnellii may be the only species that has no peak of activity the first
 hour after sunset. Based on netting, visual observations, and
 ultrasonic detection, the emballonurids are active from an hour before
 sunset to an hour after sunset and again at a similar period around
 sunrise.

 REPRODUCTION
 Three patterns of reproduction occur in Neotropical bats: seasonal
 monestry, seasonal polyestry, and year-round polyestry (Fleming

 40

 35
 U
 S30- \ Pteronotus parnelli N =194

 O 25 -

 S20-

 I- 0 -



 5-
 10





 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
 HOURS AFTER SUNSET

FIGURE 10.-Frequency of capture through the night as a measure of flight activity for
Pteronotus parnellii.


Vol. 24, No. 4