mound and begin to pound on the earth as
if they were beating a mama drum in a
voudou service. They begin calling the per-
son's name. Tradition has it that they only
have to call the name out thirteen times, but
in the incident Douyon observed they beat
the earth for half an hour. The earth is then,
by some magical means, supposed to open
up and the "dead" person spring up into a
sitting position like a Jack-in-the-box, in an
"extreme state of excitement." The dead
person is then slapped three times on the
cheek and some formaldehyde is sprayed
on him.
 In the classic painting by Hector Hyp-
polite (1946), father of Haitian primitive
painting, two roped zombies clad in white
robes are led away from their tomb while a
bocor holds the end of the rope and a bottle
of some substance in his hand. Tradition
has it that this is the antidote. They are so
excited they must be tied up. Then two men
known as "conductors" lead the "dead,"
now in a zombie state, to a destination
which is approximately eight kilometers
away. There two relay men await him to
move him along a new route and so on,
which means those who were at the grave-
side do not know the zombie's destination.
And those who are with the zombie to the
end do not know the origin.
 The reanimation process, Douyon ad-
mits, is pure hypothesis.The bocors give no
explanation for their methods. It is specu-

 INTERNATIONAL
 MUSICAL
 WORKSHOP
 For the Creation of a
 Hymn for Peace
 Basse-Terre,
 Guadeloupe
 July 30-August 19, 1984
 The workshop will bring to-
 gether young musicians of varying
 artistic and geographic back-
 grounds for the creation of a Hymn
 For Peace. Well-known com-
 posers of different musical
 styles-African, Brazilian, Jazz,
 Caribbean-will assist in directing
 the workshop. The hymn, to con-
 sist of six movements, will be per-
 formed by the musicians at the
 end of the workshop.
 Board and lodging will be pro-
 vided by the City of Basse-Terre.
 Transportation to Guadeloupe will
 be the responsibility of each musi-
 cian. The program will also feature
 local excursions.
 Applications must be received
 prior to April 30, 1984.
 Contact Francoise Lancreot,
 Artistic Manager
 Comiti de Jumelage de
 la Ville de Basse-Terre
 2, Allee du Mont- Carmel
 97100 Basse-Terre,
 Guadeloupe
 Tel: (596) 81-18-91


lated that the beating on the earth and
screams are amplified inside the wooden
casket which becomes a kind of resonance
box, thus stimulating the person's brain
while the effects of the drug already have
worn off. The person becomes excited in
his postanaesthetic state and jumps out.
The casket is said to be only six to ten
inches below the ground, yet the Haitian
rural code specifies that the casket be bur-
ied five feet five inches below the surface.
Douyon notes that zombies describe them-
selves as sitting on top of their grave and
watching their body float upward. He says
the phenomenon is called "autoscopy" and
has been reported in medical literature as
happening to people coming out of anaes-
thesia as well as to others who have been
revived after their hearts stopped.

Cheap Labor or Punishment?
One of the bocors, when asked how much
the zombification process costs, replied: "It
doesn't have a price." There are those who
believe that zombification is seldom done,
and only on a selective basis. The ratio of
success, because they are dealing with a
very potent toxin, may be extremely low.
Certainly no one keeps statistics or has any
knowledge of just how widespread and fre-
quent the process is.
 A Haitian ethnologist who has studied the
voudou structure explains that contrary to
the folkloric explanation, zombies are not


CAP.BBEAN rEVIEW/45


 SThe Graduate Program
 in International Studies
at Florida International Univer-
sity offers a multidisciplinary
curriculum with courses from
the departments of anthro-
pology/sociology, economics,
history, international relations
and political science.
The program's focus is on
development and is geared
towards those seeking careers
in international business,
government and international
organization.

For further information
contact:
Anthony P. Maingot, Director
Graduate Program in
International Studies
Florida International University
Miami, Florida 33199
(305) 554-2555


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 NEW WEST INDIAN GUIDE
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