116 America's Crop Heritage

duction. (1) Carleton left for Russia in July of 1898, returned the
following year, and made a second trip in 1900.
 During his first exploration, Carleton obtained seed of the
Kubanka spring wheat from the wheat growing in the Turghai
territory of Kuban in the Kirghiz Steppes, forty miles southeast
of Orenburg. He also secured several other strains of Kubanka
including the Arnautka, Gharnovka, and Pererodka. Sixteen vari-
eties of other Russian cereals and seeds of forage plants, buck-
wheat, melons, and garden vegetables were brought back by this
exploration.

 TABLE 7
 DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT STOCKS BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1863-97

 Total Total
 Year Distribution Year Distribution
 No. of plants No. of plants
 and cuttings l and cuttings
1863................ 25,750 1882............... 70,000
1864......... .. .. 30,000 1884.............. 100,000
1865............. .. 35,000 1885 .............. 74,000
1866 ................. 34,000 1889... .... .. 45,000
1867 ................. 42,123 1890 ............... 80,000
1868 ................. 30,000 1891 ............. 117,000
1869 ................. 31,700 1892 .............. 66,000
1878 ................. 57,155 1893 .............. 60,000
1879 ................. 36,673 1894 ............. 75,000
1880 ................. 156,862 1895 .............. 73,485
1881 ................. 100,000 1897............... 56,100



 Success of Carleton's Introductions-Carleton returned to Rus-
sia to secure larger quantities of wheats and to search for more
varieties. This time he obtained the Kharkov wheat, a standard
hard red winter variety which came to occupy the greater part
of 21 million acres of hard red winter wheats in 1921. (4) From
an introduction of a very hard red winter wheat made in 1900
from the Crimea, the Kanred was selected in 1906 and occupied
1,538,573 acres in 1939. In 1898 and 1900 Carleton also obtained
seeds of the Ghirka, now known as the Alton and planted to
140,000 acres in 1939.
 The justly famous wheat introductions of Carleton had signifi-
cant results not only in changing the character of the American
wheat industry but in winning public appreciation of plant intro-
duction by the government. Two years after the introduction of