Preface agricultural history to be found, supplied much of the material for this book. Supplementary information was found in the manuscript archives of the Patent Office and the Departments of Agriculture, Navy, and State. I also consulted sources in the Library of Congress. Other bibliographical references will be found at the end of each chapter. I wish to acknowledge here the assistance I received from Dr. W. P. Webb, chairman of my supervising committee for the doctoral degree, and other members of the committee at the University of Texas who gave much time to reading and helpful criticism in the first preparation of this work as a doctoral dissertation. Dr. Wood Gray, George Washington University, and Mr. B. Y. Morrison of the Bureau of Plant Industry gave valuable guidance and useful information. I also frequently consulted Dr. Everett E. Edwards of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Acknowledgements for criticism, suggestions, and information also are due to Mr. Marshall Townsend, Mr. Merritt Bailey, Dr. Earle D. Ross, and Dr. Max M. Hoover of Iowa State College, and to Mr. C. O. Erlanson, Assistant Chief of the Divi- sion of Plant Exploration and Introduction. I am grateful to Dr. David G. Fairchild for permission to use several photographs he made; and I am indebted to my wife for her assistance in proofreading and invaluable cooperation. NELSON KLOSE February, 1950