Chapter 1


 Table 1.1 Sources of risk to household food security

 Sources of Entitlement Types of Risk

 Natural State Market Community Other

 Productive Capital (land, Drought contamination (e.g. Land or other asset Changes in costs of Appropriation and loss of Loss of land as a result of
 machinery, tools, of water supplies) redistribution/ maintenance access to common property conflict
 animals, farm buildings, Land degradation confiscation resources
 trees, wells etc.) Fire
 Flooding

 Non-productive capital Pests Compulsory procurement Price shocks (e.g. falls in Breakdown of sharing Loss of assets as a result
 jewelleryy, dwellings, Animal disease Villageisation value of jewellery or mechanisms (e.g. of war
 granaries, some Wealth tax livestock) communal granaries) Theft
 animals cash Rapid inflation
 savings)

 Human capital (labour Disease epidemics (e.g. Declining public health Unemployment Breakdown of labour Forced labour
 power, education, AIDS) expendimtre and/or Falling real wages reciprocity Conscription
 health) Morbidity introduction of user Mobility restrictions
 Mortality charges Destruction of schools and
 Disability Restrictions on labour clinics during war
 Migration

 Income (crops, Pests Cessation of extension Commodity price falls Marketing channels
 livestock, non-farm and Drought and other services, subsidies on inputs Food price shocks disrupted by war
 non-agricultural activity) climatic events or price support schemes Embargoes
 Tax increases

 Claims (loans, gifts, social Reduction in nutrition Rises in interest rates Loan recall Communities
 contacts, social security) programmes (e.g. school Changes in borrowing Breakdown of disrupted/displaced by war
 supplementary feeding) capacity reciprocity

Source: Maxwell & Frankenburger, 1992


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