1.4. Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI) 37
 1.4.1. Reference nutrient intakes for energy 38
 1.4.2. RNIs for protein 41
 1.4.3. Other nutrient RNIs 42

2. Food Consumption 42
 2.1. Methods of measuring food consumption 42
 2.1.1. Food balance sheet (FBS) 42
 2.1.2. Household food consumption surveys 44
 2.1.3. Individual dietary surveys 47
 2.2. Patterns of food consumption 47

3. Direct Measures of Nutritional Status 51
 3.1. Anthropometric measures 51
 3.2. Interpretation of nutritional indicators in food policy analysis 54

4. The Aggregate Household Food Security Index 55

5. Assessing the Nutrition Situation at Different Levels of Aggregation 56

Activities related to Chapter 2 5')

Chapter 3 Food Security: the Economic and Institutional
Framework 63

1. The Role of the Food Chain 66
 1.1. Overview of agricultural commodity chains 66
 1.2. Production and food entitlement 69
 1.3. The marketing function 71
 1.4. Household food entitlement and the food chain 73
 1.5. The dynamics of the food chain 76
 1.6. Seasonal variations in the operation of the food chain 76

2. The Open Economy and the Role of Food Imports and Exports 78
 2.1. Historical trends 78
 2.2. The competitiveness of international markets 81
 2.3. International specialisation and food insecurity 82

 3. The Political and Institutional Environment of the Food System 83
 3.1. The institutional context 83
 3.2. The role of the state 86
 3.3. Food sector organizations 87