Table of Contents


Introduction to the Manual vii

Chapter 1 Food Security: The Conceptual Framework I

1. Concepts of Food Security 4
 1.1. Food security at different levels of analysis 4
 1.2. Chronic and transitory food insecurity 6
 1.3. Entitlements 8
 1.4. Vulnerable groups 8
 1.5. Intra-household food distribution 12

2. Recent Trends in the World Food Economy 13

3. Food Security and Major Development Objectives 17
 3.1. Food security, poverty and growth 17
 3.2. Food security, population and environment 19

 4. The Role of Increasing Food Production in Achieving 20
 Food Security
 4.1. Agriculture as an engine for poverty reduction 20
 4.2. Food security and food self-sufficiency as separate objectives? 21
 4.2.1. Food self-sufficiency as a national goal 21
 4.2.2. Subsistence farming versus market integration the 24
 household level arguments

 Activities related to Chapter 1 27

 Chapter 2 Nutrition Requirements and Food Consumption 29

 1. Nutritional Requirements and Reference Nutrient Intakes 32
 1.1. Introduction 32
 1.2. Definitions 34
 1.3. Factors affecting individual nutritional requirements 36
 1.3.1. Growth 36
 1.3.2. Pregnancy 37
 1.3.3. Lactation 37
 1.3.4. Physical activity 37
 1.3.5. Body weight 37
 1.3.6. Infection and rehabilitation 37