4a
and in large meetings, and others can be transported to examine their

fields and villages. This approach highlights farmer-to-farmer exchange.

 7. Market Processes of Extension. Farmers often obtain some

inputs for agricultural innovations (seeds, fertilizer, tools, chemicals,

etc.) through regular commercial networks, including stores or merchants

at periodic markets. With the inputs can come information on how to use

them. Various programs can improve the capacity of this system to diffuse

material and information.

 8. Para-statal Corporation. A para-statal corporation can supply

inputs (and usually credit to buy them) through a separate bureaucracy.

Farmers may be required to sell all production of certain crops to the cor-

poration, to assure repayment of inputs and to provide state procurement

of desired commodities. Field agents responsible to the corporation can

give instructions to farmers.

 9. Farmer Controlled Organization. Voluntary associations controlled

and financed by farmers have played a valuable role in many countries in

identifying innovations and inputs that fill specific farmers needs. Train-

ing can be through local meetings of members of the organization.

 10. Management Education. Literacy training and basic mathematics

education can be stressed to increase a farmer's access to information, and

to improve his ability to gauge the value of any innovation. This type of

education could be incorporated in normal primary education or in shorter

training programs.

 This list is not comprehensive or systematic. Various types of

programs can be adopted simultaneously and will complement each other. The

point here simply is that there is a wide range of potential formats for farmers

(and their wives) to obtain knowledge about new agricultural techniques.