ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks are given to John J. Hren, my mentor and advisor. I am especially grateful that he is as stubborn as I. The assistance of Scott Walck, my colleague and friend, in handling the logistics and mechanics of my dissertation, is especially appreciated. The continued support of Dr. E. Aigeltinger is sincerely acknowledged. I am also grateful to Drs. Kenik, Bentley, Lehman, and Carpenter for their generous assistance during my visits to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For the perserverance and persistence of my wife, Janice, I am most endebted. I am also indebted to Pratt and Whitney Government Products Division, West Palm Beach, for providing the necessary funding to see this project through to completion, to the SHARE programs at ORNL for the generous use of their instruments and expertise, and to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida for providing the education, training, and constant devotion to excellence in research that have directed my career and scientific character.