may attain a height of 60 feet and a spread of 100 feet, they are best
used in large areas or on wide residential streets where they should
be 80 to 90 feet apart. Trees are useful in seaside and naturalistic
plantings, in parks as a cover for picnic areas and in large formal
lawn areas.
 Sand or twin live oak, Quercus virginiana maritimaa' is a smaller
growing variety of the live oak, distinguished by a small trunk,
branches and paired acorns borne on long stalks or peduncles. When
available the twin live oak is recommended as a framing, background
or shade tree.
 Laurel oak, Quercus laurifolia, is a semi-evergreen oak that loses
about one-third of its leaves in the fall and the remainder just before
new leaves comes out in spring (Fig. 49). Laurel oak has simple, thin
oblong leaves up to 6 inches long, shiny above, and somewhat paler
beneath. The laurel oak is a fast-growing tree that produces a sym-
metrical oval to round crown to 100 feet in height. This oak tolerates
most soil types except extremely wet ones, but is subject to mushroom
root-rot and heart rot. This tree is useful as a lawn and park shade
tree, for framing in naturalistic roadside and seaside plantings and
as a street tree for streets of medium width. As street trees, they
should be spaced 50 to 70 feet apart.
 The water oak, Quercus nigra, is deciduous, but holds its leaves
until the first heavy frost or cold weather and breaks dormancy early
in the spring. Leaves are obovate, 3-lobed at the tip and 1 to 3 inches
long. This rapid-growing tree produces a conical to round crown and
grows to a height of 80 feet with a diameter of 50 feet. Water oak
is relatively easy to transplant and maintain and is adapted to a wide
range of soil conditions. Trees are useful as lawn shade trees,
framing, naturalistic and roadside plantings and as street trees for
streets of medium width if planted 50 to 60 feet apart.


 Schinus terebinthifolius. Anacardiaceae. Brazilian Pepper-Tree,
Florida Holly or Christmas Berry Tree. Southern and Central areas.
Evergreen. Brazil.
 Brazilian pepper-tree is a small, bushy spreading tree that grows
to 30 feet. It is often used as a large shrub. Compound leaves are
4 to 8 inches long, odd-pinnate, with 5 to 9 leaflets (Fig. 50). During
winter months, this tree produces numerous clusters of small, bright
red fruits, hence the names "Florida Holly" and "Christmas berry
tree." The plant is dioecious-male and female flowers are produced
on separate plants, and female plants should be selected for fruiting.
When clusters of red fruit and leaves are cut, they soon dry, and when
used in Christmas decorations should be coated with a wax emulsion
to prevent drying and shriveling.
 Brazilian pepper-tree grows best in a well-drained soil, and needs
full sun for best fruiting, although trees will tolerate partial shade.
This tree is widely used as a barrier planting for large properties,