INDEX. oO. Oases, 139 Oblate Spheroid, 13 Oblique Rays of Sun, 235 Ocean, 194 to 226 inclusive Currents, 220 to 226 inclusive, 240 Waves, 79, 207, 208, 212, 214, 218 Oceanic Areas, 199 Drainage, 181 to 188 inclusive, 191, 392, 426 Islands, 95, 96 Movements, 207 Systems, 188 Ooze Deposits, 206 Optical Phenomena, 305 to 310 inclu- sive Orbit of the Earth, 24, 26 of Planets, 7, 25 Orchids, 318 Origin of Atmospheric Circulation, 242 of Earth’s Magnetism, 301 of Rocks, 65 of Saltness of the Ocean, 195 of Swamps, 180 of Winds, 241 Orology, 107 Pe Pacific Mountain System, 111, 387 Ocean, 46, 47, 63, 199, 202, 214, 224 Paleontology, 70 Paleozoic Time, 71 Pampas, 119, 320, 327 Parallels, 16 Paraselenee, 309 Parhelia, 309 Peculiarities in the Distribution of Land Areas, 84 in Distribution of Volcanoes, 48 of Coast Lines, 88 of Continental Islands, 94 of Continental Relief Forms, 109 of Craters of Volcanoes, 38 of Cyclones, 257 of Glaciers, 284 Peat Bogs, 369, 376, 418 Pélé’s Hair, 39 Peninsulas, 125, 131 Perihelion, 24 Periodical Springs, 160 Petrifactions, 68 Petroleum, 167, 370, 376, 419 Springs, 167 Phases of the Moon, 211 Physical Climate, 234 Zones, 239, 395 Plains, 103, 104, 111, 132, 388, 391 Planetoids, 7 Planets, 7, 8.9, 10, 24 Plant Geography, 311 to 338 inclu- sive Life, 227, 311 to 338 inclusive, 402 to 412 inclusive, 428 Regions, 325 to 328 inclusive Plants, 4, 153, 311 to 338 inclusive, 402 to 412 inclusive, 428 Plateau of Brazil, 118 of Guiana, 118 Plateaus, 103, 105, 118, 126, 131, 139 : 277, 367 : Polar Circles, 16 Prairies, 328, 351, 388, 404 Precious Metals, 372, 414 Precious Stones, 379 Precipitations, 265 to 289 inclusive, 400 Predominant Mountain Systems, 109, 110, 111, 116, 117, 122, 123, 124- 129, 130, 136, 137, 141 Pressure of the Atmosphere, 229 Primary Time, 71 Prime Meridians, 18 Prince Rupert’s Drops, 57 Principal Oceanic Systems, 188 Prolate Spheroid, 13 Proofs of the Earth’s Original Fluid- ity, 30 of the Earth’s Present Heated Interior, 32 ‘ of the Shape of the Earth, 14 Properties of Water, 147 Q. . Quaternary Age, 71, 78 R Races of Men, 356 to 367 inclusive Primary, 358 Secondary, 364 Rafts, 177 Rain, 271 to 278 inclusive, 400 Zones, 273, 276 Rainbows, 306 Rainless Districts, 278 Rapids, 169 Regions of Perennial Rain, 276 of Perpetual Snow, 281, 282 of Volcanoes, 46 Relative Areas of Continents and Islands, 89 Relief Forms of the Land, 102 to 145 inclusive Forms of the Continents, 110 to 145 inclusive Reptiles, 346, 347, 352, 353 Reservoirs of Springs, 158 Revolution of the Earth, 11, 24, 27 River Basin, 168 Channel, 168 Courses, 169, 170, 174, 175, 178 Mouths, 168, 171 Source, 168 Systems, 168, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 392 Rivers, 168 to 188 inclusive Rocks, 30, 32, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71 Rocky Mountain System, 111, 388 Rotation of the Earth, 22, 210, 221, 243 of the Winds, 247 Ss. Sahara Desert, 139, 251, 354 Sailing Routes, 261 Saint Elmo’s Fire, 296 Salt, 166, 194, 370, 377, 421 Springs, 166, 421 Samiels, 251 Sand Storms, 251 Sargasso Seas, 225 Satellites, 7, 9, 10, 24 Saturn, 8, 9 Sea and Land Breezes, 248 Seas, 200, 217 Secondary Time, 71 Mountain Systems, 109, 112, 116, 118, 122, 126, 129, 131, 136, 138, 141, 142 Selvas, 119, 352 Shape of Bottom of Ocean, 198 of the Earth, 13, 14, 30 of the Earth’s Shadow, 14 of the Horizon, 14 Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountain System, 111 Silt, 174 to 180 inclusive Silurian Age, 71, 73 Simoons, 251 Sirocco, 251 Sky, 307, 308 Slaty Cleavage, 107 Small Circles, 16 Snow, 280, 281, 282, 283 Line, 281, 282 Solano, 251 Solar System, 7, 12 Tides, 210 Solfataras, 49 Solstice, Summer, 27 Winter, 27 Solvent Powers of Water, 152 Soudan, 139 Sounds, 180 accompanying Earthquakes, 54 Source of Deep-seated Waters, 161 South America, 83 to 88 inclusive, 116 to 121 inclusive, 183, 192, 278, 352 Southern Continent, 46 Hemisphere, 16, 21, 27, 29, 243, ° 247, 250, 277 Specific Gravity, 15 Heat of Water, 150 Spheroids, 13 Spring Tides, 211 Springs, 157 to 167 inclusive Stars, 6 Steppe Lakes, 192 Rivers, 192 Steppes, 327, 405 Stratified Rocks, 67 Storm Signals, 401 Storms, 250, 251, 253 to 260 inclusive, 302, 401 Subterranean Drainage, 154, 155, 157 to 167 inclusive Sulphurous Sprfngs, 166 Sun, 8, 10, 210, 234, 235, 236, 237 Sunset Tints of Sky, 307