72 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

REVIEW QUESTIONS.

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What is the composition of water?

Enumerate the physical properties which enable water
to play so important a part in the economy of the earth.

What effect has the temperature of the maximum den-
sity of water on the freezing of large bodies of fresh water?
Why?

How do large bodies of water moderate the extremes of
heat and cold?

Why are freezing and melting necessarily gradual pro-
cesses ?

What effect has a heavy rainfall on the temperature of
the atmosphere?

Explain the cause of deserts.

Define subterranean drainage. Surface drainage.

Upon what does the quantity of water discharged by a
spring in a given time depend?

Explain the cause of periodical springs.

What is the temperature of cold springs? Of hot or
thermal springs?

What is the probable cause of the high temperature of
hot springs?

' How can the probable depth of the reservoir of an arte-
sian spring be ascertained from the temperature of its
waters?

What are geysers? Explain the cause of their erup-
tion.

What is the origin of the tube and basin of the geyser?

Name the three largest geyser regions of the world.

What is travertine? How is it formed?

Name some of the most- important springs from which
large quantities of salt are obtained.

What is believed to be the origin of petroleum or coal
oil?

How are the precipices of waterfalls caused? In what
courses of a river are they most common?

Name the highest waterfall in the world. The grand-
est.

Distinguish between an estuary and a delta.

How does the destruction of the forest increase the
severity of inundations?

Upon what does the quantity of water in a river. o- :

pend?

In what different portions of a stream may the silt or
detritus be deposited?

What are rafts? How are they caused ?

Explain the formation of fluviatile islands and lakes.

Name some of the most extensive delta-formations in
North America. In Europe. In Asia. In Africa.

What is the probable origin of the swamp-lands of the
Atlantic seaboard?

How may a tolerably accurate notion of the direction
of the slopes of a country be obtained by a study of the
direction of its rivers?

In what respects do the drainage of North and South
America resemble each other?

Name the principal systems of inland drainage of the
world.

Explain the cause of the saltness of inland waters.

MAP QUESTIONS.

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Which ocean drains the largest areas of the continents?
Which the smallest?

Name the important rivers which drain into the Asian
tic from North America. From South America. From
Europe. From Africa.

Name the important rivers which drain into the Pacific
from North America. From Asia.

Name the important rivers which drain into the Indian
Ocean from Africa. From Asia. From Australia.

What two systems of inland drainage are there in North
America? What large region in South America?

Name an important steppe lake and river in each of the
continents.

Describe the region of inland drainage of Europe and
Asia. What large lakes and rivers belong to this region?

Describe the regions of inland drainage of Africa. Of
Australia. Name the important lakes found in each
region.

What South American river corresponds in the aiection
of its drainage with the St. Lawrence? With the Mac-
kenzie? With the Mississippi?

Name the large rivers which drain the predominant
mountain-system of Asia. Of Europe. Of Africa. Of
North America. Of South America. Of Australia.

Describe the fresh-water lake-region of North America. ~

Of South America. Of Europe. Of Africa.

In which line of trend are most of the fresh-water lakes
of North America found ?

Name the Atlantic rivers which have large deltas The
Pacific rivers.

The Indian rivers.

 

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