148 MAMMALS

distinguishable by the number of tines in their antlers.
The fallow deer, which is European and North African,
has the upper part of the antler flattened out consi-
derably. The muntjacs have their horns on bony
projections from the skull, The Chinese tufted deer
have rudimentary antlers on converging bony projec-
tions. The reindeer is distinguished by the very large
brow tine. The caribou is the American representa-
tive of the reindeer. His hoofs are very long and
round, longer than a wapiti’s or moose’s, and larger
than a cow’s. He can cross very thin ice by spreading
out his hoofs and bending his legs until he almost
runs upon his joints. The moose is found in Northern
Europe as well as in Northern America, where he has
been driven to take refuge along the Rocky Mountains.
He is chiefly characterised by enormous development
of his muzzle. The roe-deer has only three tines to
his antlers, which rise some distance from his head
before they branch. The Virginian deer has his
antlers in the form of spikes rising upright from a
curving main fork. The mule-deer is as easily recog-
nisable by his long ears as the moose is by his muzzle ;
the brockets have mere spikes instead of antlers ; and
the musk-deer have no antlers at all, but long tusks
curving downwards from the upper jaw, the same
things, in fact, as the upper tusks of a boar.

The chevrotains, or mouse-deer, are small deer-like
animals about as big as rabbits, grouped by themselves
as being intermediate in structure between the deer,
the camels, and the pig. They have three divisions in
their stomach instead of four, and they have four
complete toes on each foot, the second and fifth being,